中国大多数创业者，谈到股权或者利益分配，都是有些羞于启齿的，因为生怕谈钱伤了感情，所以本身简单的事，往往会因为人性的复杂而变得复杂，一不经意，就容易把人与人之间的美好给破坏了，或是一不小心，把人性的贪婪给放大了。1合伙人的定义在正式分享合伙人的股权分配之前，我们有必要先清晰一下什么是真正意义上的合伙人，因为这个名词现在被滥用了，已经失去的最纯粹的定义。

　　Most Chinese entrepreneurs are a bit shy when it comes to equity or profit distribution, because they are afraid that talking about money will hurt their relationship. Therefore, simple things can often become complicated due to the complexity of human nature. Inadvertently, it is easy to destroy the beauty between people, or accidentally magnify human greed. Before formally sharing the equity distribution of partners, it is necessary to clarify what a true partner is, as this term has been abused and has lost its purest definition.

　　合伙人的定义是：意愿第一、出钱出力（全职）、长期贡献。如果脱离这三个基本条件之外的，就需要重新定义了，在下面各种情形当中，会作进一步的说明。

　　The definition of a partner is: willingness first, providing money and effort (full-time), and long-term contribution. If it deviates from these three basic conditions, it needs to be redefined, and further explanations will be provided in the following situations.

　　2两个人合伙两个人合伙是比较常见的情况，股权分配的方法也相对而言更加简单。

　　Two person partnership is a common situation, and the method of equity distribution is relatively simpler.

　　如果都是全职干活，能力上面，建议一强一弱，一男一女，股份比例能力强占大，能力弱占小。

　　If they are all working full-time, in terms of ability, it is recommended to have one strong and one weak, one man and one woman, with a larger proportion of shares for strong abilities and a smaller proportion for weak abilities.

　　如果分工不同，内（全职）外（不全职）有别，全职干的人投小钱占大股（内），投钱不干活（外：投资）的人投大钱占小股。

　　If the division of labor is different, there is a difference between full-time and part-time employees. Full time employees invest small amounts of money to hold large shares (internal), while those who invest money but do not work (external: investment) invest large amounts of money to hold small shares.

　　那么这里有一个问题，涉及到谁是发起人的问题，通常来讲，有一个最简单的规则，就是谁发起，谁带头，但也有可能的是，发起人兼着干，后进合伙人全职干。

　　So there is a question here, which involves who is the initiator. Generally speaking, there is a simplest rule, which is who initiates and who takes the lead. However, it is also possible for the initiator to take on both roles and the late partner to work full-time.

　　那么就有两种解决方法，一是发起人变成投资人，占小股；二是如果不愿意投大钱占小股，那么就通过分红方式约定，干活多的人可以多拿钱。

　　So there are two solutions, one is for the initiator to become an investor and hold a small stake; Secondly, if you are not willing to invest large amounts of money and hold small shares, then you can agree on a dividend system where those who work harder can receive more money.

　　通常我们建议干活的人在工资、奖金、分红三个方面都要考虑到，让干活的人多拿一点，股权比例分配解决了权力的问题，股份分红比例解决了合伙人之间利益平衡的需求。

　　We usually recommend that workers consider salary, bonuses, and dividends, allowing them to receive more. The distribution of equity ratios solves the problem of power, while the distribution of equity dividends addresses the need for a balance of interests among partners.

　　关于股权比例，建议80%:20%，或者67%：33%，让带头人拥有绝对控制的权力，这种股权分配方案，可以说是两个人合伙最安全、最稳健的合作方式。

　　Regarding the equity ratio, it is recommended to have 80%: 20%, or 67%: 33%, so that the leader has absolute control. This equity distribution plan can be said to be the safest and most stable way for two people to cooperate in partnership.

　　两个人常见错误的分法有以下几种，需要规避：

　　There are several common mistakes made by two people that need to be avoided:

　　1、50%：50%2、90%：10%3、51%：49%

　　1. 50%: 50%, 90%: 10%, 51%: 49%

　　3夫妻股东怎么分？?夫妻合伙，本质上风险不是两个人的，而是一个家庭的，所以输不起，夫妻创业失败或者不欢而散的案例处处皆是，因为股权比例无论怎么分，天然的就是50：50。

　　How to divide the three husband and wife shareholders?? In essence, the risk of a partnership between husband and wife is not for two people, but for one family, so they cannot afford to lose. Cases of failed entrepreneurship or unhappy separation between husband and wife are everywhere, because no matter how the equity ratio is divided, it is naturally 50:50.

　　所以我们这里就要清楚股权两项最基本的权力：分红权和表决权。

　　So here we need to be clear about the two most basic rights of equity: dividend rights and voting rights.

　　我们给大家一个解决夫妻创业之间股权的办法是：分红权各自50：50；

　　We offer a solution to the equity issue between husband and wife entrepreneurship: the dividend rights are 50:50 each;

　　表决权，论谁最早创业、谁承担责任更大、谁带头、谁就拥有100%的表决权，这样问题就简单多了。

　　Voting rights, regardless of who started the business earliest, who bears greater responsibility, who takes the lead, and who has 100% voting rights, make the problem much simpler.

　　43个人或4个人合伙1个人合伙，大股东股权比例大于2股东和3股东之和最好。

　　43 people or 4 people form a partnership with 1 person, and it is best for the majority shareholder's equity ratio to be greater than the sum of 2 shareholders and 3 shareholders.

　　我们首先看一种最常见的错误分法：48%：47%：5%，这种情况下，会导致公司的决策权飘忽不定，而5%的持股者的支持将成为另外两位股东的拉拢对象，不利于公司决策权的稳定性。

　　Let's first look at the most common misclassification: 48%: 47%: 5%. In this case, it can lead to the company's decision-making power being uncertain, and the support of 5% of shareholders will become a target for the other two shareholders to win over, which is not conducive to the stability of the company's decision-making power.

　　如果5%的股东没有大局观，甚至可能通过自己的微妙角色，推动大股东和二股东的股比调整，这种结构极有可能造成小股东掌控大股东的闹剧。

　　If 5% of shareholders do not have a big picture perspective, they may even use their subtle roles to drive the adjustment of the shareholding ratio between the major and secondary shareholders, which could lead to a farce where minority shareholders control the major shareholders.

　　另外：33.4% ：33.3% ：33.3%的比例也是常见的，应该避免以下几种股权设计结构：A：33.3% ：33.3% ：33.3%，均分，你可能不信，工商局在注册的时候可是认可这种注册比例的，可是还有0.1%哪去了？有时差之这一毫厘，可能会谬以足千里。B：35% ：18% ：18% ：29%，这是典型的博弈型，合作起来大家都不会轻松；C：95% ：3% ：2%，创始人吃独食；D：40% ：40% ：20%，三股东会绑架大股东与二股东；E：40% ：30% ：30%，雷士照明（0.170，+1.80%）的最初股权结构，让创始人吴长江吃了大亏，这种比例，也很常见；F：45% ：45% ：10%，当年爱多VCD胡志标的案例还历历在目；H：49% ：47% ：4%，刚刚上面讲过的案例，不重复。关于三个人合伙，或者三个人以上合伙，对于老大来讲，其实是很不安全的，股权分配不好，容易产生小股东搭便车。

　　In addition, a ratio of 33.4%: 33.3%: 33.3% is also common, and the following equity design structures should be avoided: A: 33.3%: 33.3%: 33.3%, evenly distributed. You may not believe it, but the Industry and Commerce Bureau recognizes this registration ratio when registering, but where is the remaining 0.1%? A tiny fraction of time difference may be mistaken for thousands of miles. B：35% ：18% ：18% ：29%， This is a typical game type, and cooperation is not easy for everyone; C：95% ：3% ：2%， The founder eats alone; D：40% ：40% ：20%， The three shareholders' meeting kidnapped the major shareholder and the second shareholder; E：40% ：30% ：30%， The initial equity structure of Lei Shi Lighting (0.170,+1.80%) resulted in significant losses for founder Wu Changjiang, and this ratio is also common; F：45% ：45% ：10%， The case of Hu Zhibiao on Aiduo VCD back then is still vivid in my memory; H：49% ：47% ：4%， The case mentioned earlier will not be repeated. Regarding a partnership of three or more people, it is actually very unsafe for the boss. Poor equity distribution can easily lead to small shareholders hitchhiking.

　　另外一个，从人性的角度来看，二股东与三股东或其它小股东，容易在人性贪婪的驱使下对于老大的管理与经营进行干扰。

　　On the other hand, from a human perspective, second and third shareholders or other minority shareholders are prone to interfere with the management and operation of the boss under the drive of human greed.

　　乔布斯当年被赶出苹果就是这种结构引起的，创始人或者带头人如果没有得到应有的保护和尊重，对于一个企业来讲，是致命的，很难实现长期共赢。

　　Steve Jobs' expulsion from Apple was caused by this structure. If the founder or leader does not receive the protection and respect they deserve, it is fatal for a company and it is difficult to achieve long-term win-win results.

　　5五个人合伙五个人合伙的股权比例设计，有以下几种常见的分配方式：

　　There are several common distribution methods for the equity ratio design of a five person partnership:

　　1，1 > 2+ 3 + 4 + 5，老大带头地位明显，但是容易形成独裁，容易制造重大事项决策上的风险；

　　1, 1>2+3+4+5, the leader has a clear leading position, but it is easy to form dictatorship and create risks in major decision-making;

　　2，1 <?2 + 3 + 4 + 5，老大相对小于其它几位股东，但是仍然一股独大，做一项重大决策时，如果2、3、4、5位股东都不同意，显然，要么是这项决策有风险，其它几位不同意；

　　2，1 <? 2+3+4+5, the leader is relatively smaller than the other shareholders, but still dominates. When making a major decision, if 2, 3, 4, or 5 shareholders do not agree, it is obvious that either the decision is risky and the other shareholders do not agree;

　　要么是老大的领导能力或风格有问题，难以令其它几位股东信服，如果是这种原因，撤换领导者或许对公司未来更加有利。关于如何选择企业的带头人，未来会和大家分享，列举一些关键因素，大家一看就会明白。

　　Either the leader's leadership ability or style is problematic, making it difficult to convince the other shareholders. If this is the reason, replacing the leader may be more beneficial for the company's future. Regarding how to choose the leader of a company, I will share with you some key factors in the future, and you will understand them at a glance.

　　3，2 + 3 + 4 > 1 > 2 + 3?，这种股权结构，常见的是拥有超过34%的一票否决权，对于企业的决策，比较容易起到风险防范，同时也保证了作为老大拥有重要话语权的一个权力。

　　3，2 + 3 + 4 > 1 > 2 + 3? This type of equity structure is commonly characterized by having over 34% veto power, which makes it easier for companies to prevent risks in their decision-making and also ensures that as the leader, one has important discourse power.

　　在这里我想补充的是，一个合理的股权结构，创造共同利益才是核心，权力的制衡不能过渡滥用，当然这和股东的心智成熟度有很大的关系，对于一家公司来讲，什么最重要？是健康的活着。

　　What I would like to add here is that a reasonable equity structure and the creation of common interests are the core, and the balance of power cannot be excessively abused. Of course, this is closely related to the maturity of shareholders' minds. For a company, what is the most important? To live a healthy life.

　　我们对比一下海底捞（53.400，-2.73%）和真功夫这两家企业，合伙人之间的智慧和格局，奠定了一家企业是否可以走得更远，去得更高。

　　Let's compare the wisdom and pattern between the partners of Haidilao (53.400, -2.73%) and Zhengongfu, which lays the foundation for whether a company can go further and higher.

　　4，无论是四人、五人合伙，创始人具有一票否决权，合伙人股份相加大于创始人，创始就需要慎重考虑合伙人的一致意见，从而做出更加合理的决策。

　　4. Whether it is a four person or five person partnership, the founder has one vote veto power. If the total number of shares of the partners is greater than that of the founder, the founder needs to carefully consider the unanimous opinion of the partners in order to make more reasonable decisions.

　　五个人合伙，最忌讳的分法就是平分，初始的思维就是这样，所以再说一句人人有股份，等于人人没股权，人人有权力，等于人人没权力。

　　The most taboo way for five people to form a partnership is to divide equally. The initial thinking is like this, so if everyone has shares, it means everyone has no shares, everyone has power, and everyone has no power.

　　另一个，类似80%或90% ：4% ：3%：2% ：1%的这种创始人吃独食的比例，也是不科学的。

　　Another example is that the proportion of founders who eat alone, such as 80% or 90%: 4%: 3%: 2%: 1%, is also unscientific.

　　本文由  山东股权合伙设计  友情奉献.更多有关的知识请点击  http://www.daoshangbao.com/   真诚的态度.为您提供为全面的服务.更多有关的知识我们将会陆续向大家奉献.敬请期待.

　　This article is designed by Shandong Equity Partnership for Friendship Dedication For more related knowledge, please click http://www.daoshangbao.com/ Sincere attitude To provide you with comprehensive services We will gradually contribute more relevant knowledge to everyone Coming soon.