确定合伙人及出资比例

Determine partners and capital contribution ratio

合伙人选择：寻找在行业经验、技术能力、市场资源、资金实力等方面与项目需求相匹配的合作伙伴。例如，一家准备在山东开展智能制造业务的公司，其合伙人可能包括具有机械制造技术背景的工程师、在智能制造领域有丰富营销经验的市场专家以及拥有一定资金实力的投资者。

Partner selection: Look for partners who match the project requirements in terms of industry experience, technical capabilities, market resources, financial strength, and other aspects. For example, a company preparing to launch intelligent manufacturing business in Shandong may have partners including engineers with a background in mechanical manufacturing technology, market experts with extensive marketing experience in the field of intelligent manufacturing, and investors with certain financial strength.

出资方式与比例：明确各合伙人的出资方式，如货币、实物、知识产权、土地使用权等，并根据合伙人的贡献和项目需求确定合理的出资比例。假设总投资为 500 万元，其中一位合伙人以货币出资 200 万元，占股 40%；另一位合伙人以其拥有的相关专利技术出资，经评估价值 150 万元，占股 30%；还有一位合伙人以设备和厂房等实物出资，价值 150 万元，占股 30%。

Contribution Method and Proportion: Clarify the contribution methods of each partner, such as currency, physical goods, intellectual property, land use rights, etc., and determine a reasonable contribution proportion based on the partners' contributions and project needs. Assuming a total investment of 5 million yuan, one partner contributes 2 million yuan in currency and holds 40% of the shares; Another partner contributed with their relevant patented technology, which was evaluated to be worth 1.5 million yuan and holds a 30% stake; Another partner contributed with physical assets such as equipment and factory buildings, valued at 1.5 million yuan, holding a 30% stake.

股权结构设计

Equity structure design

控制权设计：为了确保公司的决策效率和发展方向，需要合理设计控制权。可以通过设置不同类型的股权，如普通股和优先股，或者采用有限合伙架构等方式来实现。例如，在有限合伙企业中，普通合伙人（GP）通常拥有较高的控制权和决策权，有限合伙人（LP）则主要享受收益权。在上述智能制造公司中，可以将具有丰富管理经验和行业资源的合伙人设为普通合伙人，持有 10% 的普通股权，拥有公司的经营决策权；其他合伙人作为有限合伙人，持有 90% 的有限股权，享受相应的收益权。

Control design: In order to ensure the decision-making efficiency and development direction of the company, it is necessary to design control rights reasonably. This can be achieved by setting different types of equity, such as common stock and preferred stock, or adopting a limited partnership structure. For example, in a limited partnership enterprise, the general partner (GP) usually has higher control and decision-making power, while the limited partner (LP) mainly enjoys the right to profits. In the above-mentioned intelligent manufacturing companies, partners with rich management experience and industry resources can be designated as general partners, holding 10% of the common equity and having decision-making power over the company's operations; Other partners, as limited partners, hold 90% of the limited equity and enjoy corresponding income rights.

股权动态调整机制：考虑到公司发展过程中合伙人的贡献可能会发生变化，应建立股权动态调整机制。例如，根据公司的业绩指标、市场份额增长、技术创新等因素，对合伙人的股权进行定期或不定期的调整。如公司在成立后的前三年，根据每年的净利润增长情况，对业绩突出的合伙人给予一定比例的股权奖励，以激励合伙人积极为公司创造价值。

Dynamic equity adjustment mechanism: Considering that the contributions of partners may change during the company's development process, a dynamic equity adjustment mechanism should be established. For example, adjusting the equity of partners on a regular or irregular basis based on the company's performance indicators, market share growth, technological innovation, and other factors. In the first three years after the establishment of the company, based on the annual net profit growth, a certain proportion of equity rewards will be given to outstanding partners to motivate them to actively create value for the company.

合伙人权益与义务

Partner Rights and Obligations

权益方面

In terms of rights and interests

利润分配：按照股权比例进行利润分配是常见的方式，但也可以根据合伙人的实际贡献和约定进行灵活调整。例如，对于在公司业务拓展中发挥关键作用的合伙人，可以给予一定的业绩奖励，在利润分配时适当提高其分配比例。

Profit distribution: Profit distribution based on equity ratio is a common method, but it can also be flexibly adjusted according to the actual contributions and agreements of partners. For example, for partners who play a key role in the company's business expansion, certain performance rewards can be given, and their distribution ratio can be appropriately increased in profit distribution.

决策权：明确合伙人在公司重大决策中的权利，如股东会、董事会的表决权等。根据股权结构和公司治理结构，确定不同事项的决策机制，如普通事项需经代表二分之一以上表决权的股东通过，重大事项需经代表三分之二以上表决权的股东通过等。

Decision making power: Clarify the rights of partners in major decisions of the company, such as voting rights in shareholder meetings and board of directors. Based on the equity structure and corporate governance structure, determine the decision-making mechanism for different matters, such as ordinary matters requiring approval from shareholders representing more than half of the voting rights, and major matters requiring approval from shareholders representing more than two-thirds of the voting rights.

知情权：合伙人有权了解公司的经营状况、财务状况等重要信息，公司应定期向合伙人披露相关信息，保障合伙人的知情权。

Right to know: Partners have the right to know important information about the company's operations, financial status, etc. The company should regularly disclose relevant information to partners to ensure their right to know.

义务方面

In terms of obligations

出资义务：合伙人应按照约定的出资方式和时间足额缴纳出资，如未按时出资，应承担相应的违约责任。

Contribution obligation: Partners shall fully contribute their capital in accordance with the agreed upon contribution method and time. If they fail to contribute on time, they shall bear corresponding breach of contract liability.

竞业禁止义务：为了保护公司的商业利益，合伙人在合伙期间及退出后的一定期限内，不得从事与公司有竞争关系的业务。例如，签订竞业禁止协议，规定合伙人在离开公司后的两年内，不得在同行业的其他公司担任高级管理人员或从事与原公司业务相同或相似的工作。

Non compete obligation: In order to protect the commercial interests of the company, partners are not allowed to engage in business that competes with the company during the partnership period and for a certain period after withdrawal. For example, signing a non compete agreement stipulates that partners are not allowed to serve as senior management personnel or engage in work similar or identical to the original company's business in other companies in the same industry within two years after leaving the company.

保密义务：合伙人对公司的商业秘密、技术秘密等负有保密义务，不得向第三方泄露。如违反保密义务，给公司造成损失的，应承担赔偿责任。

Confidentiality obligation: Partners have a confidentiality obligation to the company's trade secrets, technical secrets, etc. and shall not disclose them to any third party. If the confidentiality obligation is violated and causes losses to the company, compensation liability shall be borne.

股权退出机制

Equity exit mechanism

正常退出：当合伙人因个人原因或符合合伙协议约定的退出条件时，可以选择正常退出。例如，合伙人因家庭原因需要离开公司，按照合伙协议规定，其股权可以由其他合伙人按照一定的价格进行回购。回购价格可以根据公司的净资产、估值等因素进行确定。如公司当前净资产为 1000 万元，该合伙人持有 10% 的股权，经协商，其他合伙人以净资产的 1.2 倍价格回购其股权，即回购价格为 120 万元。

Normal withdrawal: When a partner withdraws due to personal reasons or meets the withdrawal conditions stipulated in the partnership agreement, they may choose to withdraw normally. For example, if a partner needs to leave the company due to family reasons, according to the partnership agreement, their equity can be repurchased by other partners at a certain price. The repurchase price can be determined based on factors such as the company's net assets and valuation. If the current net assets of the company are 10 million yuan, and the partner holds 10% of the equity, after negotiation, other partners can repurchase their equity at 1.2 times the net assets price, that is, the repurchase price is 1.2 million yuan.

非正常退出：如果合伙人出现违反合伙协议、损害公司利益等行为，应按照非正常退出机制处理其股权。例如，合伙人擅自将公司的核心技术泄露给竞争对手，给公司造成了重大损失，经其他合伙人一致同意，该合伙人的股权将被强制收回，且不给予任何补偿。

Abnormal withdrawal: If a partner violates the partnership agreement or damages the interests of the company, their equity should be handled according to the abnormal withdrawal mechanism. For example, if a partner leaks the company's core technology to a competitor without authorization, causing significant losses to the company, with the unanimous consent of other partners, the partner's equity will be forcibly recovered without any compensation.

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